• Description
  • Cognitive Bias is about trying to remove the potential bias in your thinking.
  • It almost consist of a sort of metathinking and could be applied on any of your previous AOT

1- Psychological Bias

1.1- Expectation Bias (Pygmalion Effect)

• Do you have high expectations for certain outcomes?
  • Rationale: Having high expectations can lead to better performance, as the Pygmalion Effect suggests that our expectations can influence the outcomes of our actions.

1.2- Illusion of Control Bias

• What are the potential consequences of your actions?
• How much control do you have over the outcome of your actions?
• What other factors may influence the outcome?
• What would happen if you took no action at all?
• Was the outcome in line with your expectations?
• Do you have evidence to support that you had control over the outcome?

1.3- Overconfidence Bias

• Are you overly confident in your abilities or judgments?
  • Rationale: Overconfidence can lead to mistakes and poor risk assessment.

1.4- Avoiding Commitment Bias

• Are you committed to a belief or decision that you made in the past?
  • Rationale: It can be difficult to change our opinions or beliefs once we have publicly committed to them, as we may feel pressure to remain consistent.
  • Advice: Don't be afraid to update your beliefs based on new information or evidence.

1.5- Valuing Money Over Time Bias

• Do you tend to value money more than time?
  • Rationale: It can be difficult to accurately judge the value of our time, and we may not always see the potential opportunities or benefits that it can bring.

1.6- Confirmation Bias

• Are you overly attached to a specific idea or belief?
  • Rationale: Falling in love with an idea can lead us to only seek out information that confirms our beliefs, rather than considering alternative viewpoints.
  • Advice: Constantly reassess your position and remain open-minded.

1.7- Comfort Bias

• Are you staying within your comfort zone?
  • What could you do to step outside of your comfort zone?

1.8- Overreaction to Noise Bias

• Are you reacting emotionally to small or insignificant changes or events?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to overreact emotionally to noise, rather than focusing on larger or more significant changes or trends.
  • Advice: Only consider very large changes in data or conditions, and ignore small ones.

1.9- Motivation Bias

• Do you believe that failure is a possibility?
  • Rationale: Believing that failure is not an option can put us in a negative mindset and make us believe that difficult tasks are impossible to achieve.
  • Advice: Embrace the possibility of failure as a learning opportunity, and stay motivated by setting achievable goals.

2- Informational Bias

2.1- Survivorship Bias

• Are you only considering one part of the story?
  • Rationale: We often only see the successful or positive outcomes, and may not consider the failures or negative

2.2- Positive Bias (Bi-Positive Bias)

• Are there counterexamples to your beliefs or decisions?
• What data or information are you not considering?

2.3- Attentional Bias (Bi-Attentional Bias in Judging Correlation)

• What are all the possible explanations or solutions to the problem or issue at hand?
• Are there alternative possibilities that you are not considering?
• What distinguishes your favored possibility from the other options?

2.4- Availability Bias

• Are you only considering recent or easily accessible information?
  • Rationale: We tend to give more weight to information that is easily available or salient to us.
• Are you overreacting to recent events?
• Are you basing your probability judgments on examples that come to mind easily, rather than considering all possibilities?
• Are your probability judgments influenced by frightening or memorable news stories?
• Are your probability judgments influenced by your own personal experiences?
• What are the personal experiences of others related to this question?
• Are you judging the probability of a positive or negative event?

2.5- Lucretius Bias

• Are you considering the absence of evidence as evidence of absence?
  • Rationale: Just because we haven't seen or experienced something doesn't mean it doesn't exist.

2.6- Anchoring Bias

• Is your judgment influenced by recent events or information?
• How did you arrive at your initial estimate or judgment?
  • Rationale: We tend to anchor our estimations or judgments to the most memorable or salient number, even if it may not be relevant to the issue at hand.
• Have you been influenced by a specific number or figure?
• Did you properly adjust your initial estimate or judgment based on additional information or evidence?

2.7- Representativeness Bias

• Are you making judgments based on stereotypes or assumptions about a group or individual?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to judge someone or something based on our preconceived notions or biases, rather than considering all relevant information.

2.8- Anchoring and Adjustment Bias

• Are you adjusting your estimates or judgments based on new information?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to anchor our estimations or judgments to the first piece of information we receive, and may not properly adjust them based on additional information.

2.9- Anchoring and Representativeness Bias

• Are you making judgments based on stereotypes or assumptions about a group or individual, and not adjusting your estimates or judgments based on new information?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to anchor our estimations or judgments to stereotypes or preconceived notions, and may not properly adjust them based on additional information.

3- Decision Making Bias

3.1- Anchoring Bias

• Are you relying on a single piece of information or data point to make your decision?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to anchor our decisions to the first piece of information we receive, and may not properly consider other options or factors.

3.2- Status Quo Bias

• Are you sticking with the current situation or decision, even if it may not be the best option?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to favor the status quo, as it is familiar and comfortable to us.

3.3- Escalation of Commitment Bias

• Are you continuing to pursue a course of action, even if it is not producing the desired results or is not in your best interest? - Rationale: We may have a tendency to continue investing time, money, or resources into a project or decision, even if it is not producing the desired outcomes, due to a desire to avoid loss or to justify our initial investment.

3.4- Sunk Cost Bias

• Are you continuing to invest in a project or decision due to the resources or time you have already invested, rather than considering whether it is still a worthwhile or viable option?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to continue investing in a project or decision due to the sunk costs (time, money, resources) that we have already invested, rather than considering whether it is still a good decision based on current circumstances.

3.5- Loss Aversion Bias

• Are you avoiding taking risks or making changes due to a fear of loss or failure?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to avoid taking risks or making changes due to a fear of losing what we already have, rather than considering the potential benefits or rewards of the decision.

3.6- Decision Fatigue

• Are you feeling overwhelmed or exhausted by the number of decisions you have to make?
  • Rationale: Making too many decisions can lead to decision fatigue, where we become less effective at making good decisions as we become tired or overwhelmed.
  • Advice: Take breaks, delegate decisions, and try to minimize the number of decisions you have to make in a given day.

3.7- Anchoring and Anchoring and Anchoring and Adjustment Bias

• Are you relying on a single piece of information or data point to make your decision, and not properly adjusting your judgment based on new information?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to anchor our decisions to the first piece of information we receive, and may not properly consider other options or factors, or adjust our judgment based on new information.

3.8- Self-serving Bias

• Are you attributing your successes to your own abilities and attributing your failures to external factors?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to take credit for our successes and blame external factors for our failures, rather than considering the role that our own actions or decisions may have played.

4- Social Bias

4.1- Groupthink

• Are you following the consensus of the group, even if you disagree or have doubts?
  • Rationale: Groupthink is the tendency for a group to make flawed or irrational decisions due to a desire to maintain harmony or conformity within the group.
  • Advice: Encourage dissent and debate within the group, and seek out diverse perspectives and input.

4.2- Social Comparison Bias

• Are you comparing yourself to others and basing your self-worth or decisions on these comparisons?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to compare ourselves to others and base our self-worth or decisions on these comparisons, rather than focusing on our own achievements and goals.
  • Advice: Focus on your own goals and achievements, rather than comparing yourself to others.

4.3- Herding Bias

• Are you following the actions or decisions of others, rather than considering your own judgment or expertise?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to follow the actions or decisions of others, rather than relying on our own judgment or expertise.
  • Advice: Trust your own judgment and expertise, and don't be afraid to go against the herd if you believe it is the right decision.

4.4- Authority Bias

• Are you blindly following the orders or decisions of authority figures, without questioning or considering alternative options?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to blindly follow the orders or decisions of authority figures, rather than questioning or considering alternative options.
  • Advice: Don't be afraid to question authority or seek out additional information or perspectives before making a decision.

4.5- In-group Bias

• Are you giving preferential treatment or making decisions based on membership in a particular group or social circle?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to favor or give preferential treatment to members of our own social group or in-group, rather than considering all options or perspectives objectively.
  • Advice: Consider all options and perspectives objectively, regardless of group membership.

4.6- Out-group Homogeneity Bias

• Are you making assumptions about members of a different group or social circle, rather than considering them as individuals?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to view members of a different group or social circle as homogeneous or similar, rather than considering them as individuals with unique characteristics and perspectives.
  • Advice: Consider each individual as unique, rather than making assumptions based on group membership.

5- Thinking Bias

5.1- Anchoring Bias

• Are you relying on a single piece of information or data point to make your decisions or solve problems?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to anchor our decisions or problem-solving processes to the first piece of information we receive, and may not consider other options or factors.

5.2- Confirmation Bias

• Are you seeking out information or evidence that confirms your beliefs or hypotheses, rather than considering alternative viewpoints or perspectives?
  • Rationale: Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek out information or evidence that confirms our beliefs or hypotheses, rather than considering alternative viewpoints or perspectives.
  • Advice: Seek out diverse perspectives and consider alternative viewpoints.

5.3- Anchoring and Representativeness Bias

• Are you making judgments based on stereotypes or assumptions about a group or individual, and not considering all relevant information?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to anchor our judgments to stereotypes or preconceived notions, and may not consider all relevant information.

5.4- Anchoring and Adjustment Bias

• Are you relying on a single piece of information or data point to make your decisions or solve problems, and not properly adjusting your judgment based on new information?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to anchor our decisions or problem-solving processes to the first piece of information we receive, and may not properly adjust our judgment based on new information.

5.5- Anchoring and Anchoring andanchoring and Anchoring and Adjustment Bias

• Are you making judgments based on stereotypes or assumptions about a group or individual, and not properly adjusting your judgment based on new information?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to anchor our judgments to stereotypes or preconceived notions, and may not properly adjust our judgment based on new information.

6- Memory Bias

6.1- Recency Bias

• Are you giving more weight to recent events or information, rather than considering the full context or history?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to give more weight to recent events or information, rather than considering the full context or history.

6.2-Anchoring and Representativeness Bias

• Are you making judgments based on stereotypes or assumptions about a group or individual, and not considering all relevant information from the past?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to anchor our judgments to stereotypes or preconceived notions, and may not consider all relevant information from the past.

6.3-Anchoring and Adjustment Bias

• Are you relying on a single piece of information or data point from the past to make your decisions or solve problems, and not properly adjusting your judgment based on new information?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to anchor our decisions or problem-solving processes to a single piece of information from the past, and may not properly adjust our judgment based on new information.

6.5- False Memory Bias

• Are you recalling events or information incorrectly, or attributing events or information to the wrong time period?
  • Rationale: We may have a tendency to incorrectly recall events or information, or attribute them to the wrong time period.
  • Advice: Make sure to properly document and record important events or information, and cross-reference with multiple sources if possible.

3- Bias involving other people

3.1- Correspondence Bias

• Are you judging people exclusively based on their action?

4- Bias involving logic

4.1- Causality

• Did you establish the causality between things?
  • Rational
    • We have the tendency to find causality between things who doesn't necessarily have strong links.
• How have you establish the causality between things? Is this causality founded?
• What other parameters could explain the event?
  • Rational
    • Causal opacity: There are many more conveyors of information around us than meet the eye.

4.2- Linear thinking bias

• Are you dealing with linear or non-linear system?
  • Rational
    • we often assume that the relationship between think is linear when it is often not.

4.3- Asymmetric dominance

• Did you find an option X more attractive than option Y because option X is better than option Z?

5- Laziness bias

5.1- Hindsight Bias

• How could it have turned differently?
  • Rational
    • Trying to see all the potentiality make you realize that what happen was not totally predefined.
• Were you able to forecast the result of this situation beforehand?

5.2- Change

• What has changes? Does what has change play a large role?
  • Rational
    • We are often according too much importance to what have change even if the role it plays is not so important.

5.3- Abstraction

• What is the more abstract things you need to deal with?

6- Reflection bias

6.1- Domain independence

• Can you apply knowledge from other domains?
  • Rational
    • we often fail to apply knowledge from other domain even when there is commonalities that makes things applicable

7- Probability bias

7.1- Ambiguity effect bias

• Are you favouriting known probabilities over unknown probabilities?
• Can you evaluate the probability of the different outcomes?

7.2- Attentional bias in judging correlation

• What are all the possibilities?
• Is there some alternative possibilities that you forget to consider?
• What distinguish the other possibilities from your favored possibility?